به نام آن که او نامی ندارد به هر نامش که خوانی،سر برآرد

مجموعه ی کوچکی که مشاهده می کنید، از نُه قسمت تشکیل شده که هر کدام به موضوع خاصی اشاره دارد و هدف از گرد آوری آن ها بهبود یادگیری زبان انگلیسی و گسترش دامنه لغات دانش آموزان در این درس می باشد

با تشکر
زهرا سادات حجازی ، پایه اول

لیلا سادات حجازی ، پایه دوم تجربی

دبیرستان فرزانگان کاشان

I love thee to the depth and breadth and height
My soul can reach , when feeling out of sight
For the ends of Being and ideal Grace.
I love thee to the level of every day’s
Most quiet need , by sun and candlelight.
I love thee freely , as men strive for Right;
I love thee purely , as they turn from praise.
I love with a passion put to use
In my old griefs , and with my childhood’s faith.
I love thee with a love I seemedto lose
With my lost saints , I love thee with the breath, Smiles , tears , of all my life!and , if God choose, I shall but love thee better after death

Vitamins

Are they good for you?

Over the past few years,what could only be described as “vitamania” has swept the world,with up to 40 percent of the population of some countries popping vitamin or food supplement pills daily.

Undeterred by the occasional warning that it is possible to damage the body by overdosing at the breakfast table,there is a blind determination to seek the elixir of life from little brown bottles costing up to £ 10 a time.That we need vitamins is not in dispute.

It’s not down to modern marketing techniques.

Vitamins are a small group of substances that are essential in tiny quantities for qrowth and development.The crucial point about them is that they can not be manufactured by the body itself.they must come from our diet.

The thinking behind the pill rather than the food source of vitamins is that if you take them by the handful,then you don’t have to bother watching what you eat.You can exist on junk food,have a terrible life style and still be just as healthy as the most self-satisfied,highly exercised,keep-fit fanatic.It is easy to see the attraction of this approach.Do we really need to damage our wealth by buying pills to protect our health?Dietitians,nutritionists and other experts are all agreed that aprt from small groups of people in special situations,most of us do not need to have vitamins or food suuplements.We can get what we need from balanced diet.Think before you eat is the best advice around.Common sense is the greatest tool to ensure a good diet.

Pyramids

Who Built the Pyramids?

The question of who built the Pyramids, and how, has long been debated by Egyptologists and historians.Standing at the base of the pyramids at Giza it is hard to believe that any of these enormous monuments could have been built in one pharaoh’s lifetime.Herodotus, the Greek historian who wrote in the 5th century B.C.,500 years before Christ, is the earliest known chronicler and historian of the Egyptian Pyramid Age.By his accounts, the labor force that built Khufu totalled more than 100000 people.But Herodotus visited the pyramids 2700 years after they were built and his impressive figure was an educated guess,based on hearsay.Modern Egypologists believe the real number is closer to 20000.

Mark Lehner and Zahi Hawass have been trying to solve the puzzle of where the 20000-30000 laborers who built the pyramids lived.Once they find the workers’ living area,they can learn more about the workforce,their daily lives,and perhaps where they came from.Mark has been excavating the bakeries that presumably fed this army of workers,and Zahi has been excavating the cemetery for this grand labor force.It is believed that Giza housed a skeleton crew of workers who labored on the pyramids year around.But during the late summer and early autumn months,during the annual flooding of the fields with water from annual innundation of the Nile flooded the fields, a large labor force would appear at Giza to put in time on the pyramids.These farmers and local villagers gathered at Giza to work for their god kings,to build their monuments to the hereafter.This would ensure their own afterlife and would also benefit the future and prosperity of Egypt as a whole.They may well have been willing workers,a labor force working for ample rations,for the benefit of the man ,king,and country.

Feeling Stressed

Don't despair, you are not alone!During revision and exam periods, anxiety and stress are very common problems for students - even for those who appear confident and calm.

A small amount of anxiety can actually be beneficial - it can make you alert and focused - but too much anxiety means you will have trouble thinking clearly and this means you aren't likely to do your best work.

What exactly is “Stress”?

Stress is the body’s normal response to a challenge, threat or excitement.

The consequence of stress depends largely on how you interpret the physical symptoms – it can help motivate you or it can paralyze you -- the decision is yours!Take, for example, the following scenario:Joe: a student just before a critical examJane: an athlete just before a big competitionBoth Joe and Jane are aware of the same physical symptoms:

sweaty palms

racing heart

knot or butterflies in the pit of the stomach

Joe, the student, feels distressed by his symptoms and views them negatively, as if the symptoms are a sign of impending failure. Joe may have trouble sleeping and spend a lot of time worrying about his physical condition and the upcoming exam.Jane, the athlete, interprets her symptoms as a sign that she can motivate herself to perform well. She views the symptoms as evidence that she is “psyching herself up” for the big competition.

Feeling Stressed

Don't despair, you are not alone!During revision and exam periods, anxiety and stress are very common problems for students - even for those who appear confident and calm.

A small amount of anxiety can actually be beneficial - it can make you alert and focused - but too much anxiety means you will have trouble thinking clearly and this means you aren't likely to do your best work.

What exactly is “Stress”?

Stress is the body’s normal response to a challenge, threat or excitement.

The consequence of stress depends largely on how you interpret the physical symptoms – it can help motivate you or it can paralyze you -- the decision is yours!Take, for example, the following scenario:Joe: a student just before a critical examJane: an athlete just before a big competitionBoth Joe and Jane are aware of the same physical symptoms:sweaty palmsracing heartknot or butterflies in the pit of the stomachJoe, the student, feels distressed by his symptoms and views them negatively, as if the symptoms are a sign of impending failure. Joe may have trouble sleeping and spend a lot of time worrying about his physical condition and the upcoming exam.Jane, the athlete, interprets her symptoms as a sign that she can motivate herself to perform well. She views the symptoms as evidence that she is “psyching herself up” for the big competition.

ARE OUR TEACHERS AT SCHOOL TOO OLD?

For a good graduation you need good teachers.In our school, there are mostly older teacher and some of them teach as they have done it for 30 years.Sometimes it isn’t easy because the teachers are only talkking and talking and nobody is interested in it.The younger teachers have more ideas how they could organize the lessons.

-What is school like for you?

-Do you think that your lesson could be more interesting,or do you have teachers who are able to tell you the most boring things in an interesting way,so that everyone listen to what they say?

-Give us descriptionsi of your normal school lessons or school life.

-Talk about your “ ideal school” !

Sina,Lena,Fabian,Philip,Ger and Esther

I think not only experience but also creativity is the most important thing in teaching.It is sometimes believed that it’s more easier for the younger teachers to become familiar with the new methods and actually use them.We have very efficient teachers but I personally believe that some fun and variety must be injected to our education system.

OUR LIVES WHEN WE HAVE FINISHED SCHOOL-OUR FUTURE

The main topic we want to talk about it what you want to do after you have finished school.We are going to finish school(hopefully)with the “Abitur”which is the highest Gerrman school qualification.Most of us will certainly study at university but infact there’ll be great difficulties because of the high request… well here we have some questions to you:

-What will you be able to do?

-What do you plan to do after you have finished school?

-Describe a day in your life 10 years from now in the future(use your fantasy and your desires!).

greetings from Germany by:

Christian,Manuel,Marc,Thore and Lars

I will take part in the university entrance examination.Hopefully if I get accepted in a prestigious university.Of course,I want to study my favourite major.It is too soon to describe future.Although I know my goals,there may besome unforeseen problems,such as not accepting in a creditable university.Therefore, I may change my goals and my way.

10 fast skin fixes:

get the gorgeous, glowing skin you want!Hey, you! Want clear, glowing, gorgeous skin? We thought so. That's why GL teamed with skin care experts Renee Rouleau, of the Renee Rouleau Skin Spa, and Annet King, educator at The International Dermal Institute, for a crash course in the secrets to great skin....

1) Wash your face way before you go to bed. If you wait until you're ready to hit the sack, you'll be too tired to wash up, and research shows skin repairs itself best around 10 p.m. So let skin breathe easy long before you start snoozing.

2) Wear sunscreen every day, year-round. Botox bites. So use a moisturizer that has an SPF 15 or higher (try Eucerin Skin Renewal SPF 15 Day Lotion, $10, drugstores). UV rays can do their damage while you're sitting in class, riding in the car or walking the dog.

3) Be nice to your face. Picking, poking and squeezing force bacteria deeper into the skin, resulting in scarring and further breakouts. Yuck.Advertisement

4) Stop thinking that if your skin feels tight it must be clean. Tight skin isn't clean skin--it's dry skin. If you're rushing to dab on moisturizer after you wash, time to find a cleanser that won't leave you high and dry. Normal and combination skin will benefit most from a gel formula (we love Nivea Visage Refreshing Cleansing Gel, $6, drugstores). Got dry or sensitive skin? Go for a creamy cleanser. Either way, choose a low foaming formula. More lather=more drying. Less lather=less drying.

5) Banish breakouts. If you've got major acne, an acne face wash is for you (we like Clearesil Total Control 5-in-1 Acne Cleanser and Moisturizer, $9, drugstores). If you just get spot breakouts, avoid acne washes. They worsen skin by drying out the clear parts and allowing dead skin-cell buildup. The buildup traps oil under skin, leading to more clogged pores and breakouts. So use spot treatments.

6) Keep shine at bay midday. The ugly truth? You can't stop or slow down oil production. The beautiful solution? Blotting papers! They instantly pull oil off your skin.

7) Wash your face after you do your 'do. Almost all conditioners, hair sprays and mousses contain ingredients that can clog pores. So (carefully) wash your face after using hair products.

8) Clean your makeup brushes weekly. Bacteria and oil can build up which can lead to clogged pores and breakouts. Use a mild soap (Nature's Gate Organics liquid soaps, $6, drugstores) and cold water to carefully wash out brushes, and rinse thoroughly. Toss cosmetics sponges after a few uses to prevent the spread of bacteria.

9) Change pillowcases often. As you sleep, bacteria and oil collect on your pillowcase and are reintroduced to your skin the following night. So invest in a stack of nice pillowcases, and wash them with a dye- and fragrance-free laundry detergent, like Tide Free.

10) Get your beauty rest! Eight hours should do the trick. Sleep not only keeps undereye circles away but, at night, your body most actively rids itself of toxins that might otherwise wreak havoc with your skin. Z's also reduce stress, the top ache aggravator!

TYPES OF SKIN

Skin can be divided into various types according to its texture. It is essential to know the various types of skin, so that its treatment can be done accordingly.

1. Normal skin

2. Dry skin

3. Oily skin

4. Combination skin

5. Sensitive skin

Normal Skin

It has a fine even texture with a supple and smooth surface. It has a proper balance between oil and moisture contents and is therefore moist and neither greasy nor dry. It looks clear and does not develop spots and blemishes. The pores of the skin are fine and barely visible. It reflects good health and needs gentle treatment.

Dry skin

Dry skin has a dry parched appearance and has a tendency to flake easily. It is prone to wrinkles and lines. It is due to the inability to retain moisture as well as the insufficient production of sebum by the sebaceous glands. Dry skin often has problems in cold weather and ages faster than normal or oily skin. Constant protection is very important. It needs a moisturiser during the day and a good cream at night.

Oily skin

This type of skin is caused by the over secretion of sebum making the skin surface oily. The excess oil on the surface of the skin attracts dirt and dust from the environment. oily skin is also prone to black heads, white heads, spots, pimples and such skin will never be clear. This type of skin needs to be cleansed thoroughly.

Combination skin

This type of skin is very common. As the name suggests, it is a combination of both oily and dry skin with certain areas of the face oily and the rest dry. Usually there is a Central greasy panel consisting of the forehead, nose and chin and a dry panel consisting of cheeks and the areas around the eyes and mouth. The greasy central panel is referred to as T - Zone. In such cases, each part of the face should be treated accordingly - the dry areas as for dry skin and the central panel as for oily skin.

Sensitive skin

This type of skin has a fine texture and is very sensitive to changes in the climate. They show the disadvantage of bleaching, Waxing, threading etc.

You’r brain

The diagram on the right shows you that the brain has two sides:the left side which controls logical,rational thinking;and the right side which is more dominant in artistic activities which require imagination.

Did you know this?

Psychologists believe that most of us have a lot of creative ability,but often we don’t use it because our daily lives are dominated by the organized,analytical left side of the brain.And this is particularly true at school where much more time and emphasis is given to left brain activities such as mathematics and verbal reasoning,than to right brain activities such as art and music.

Is your school like this?

What’s more ,even when we do activities which are more successful using the right side of the brain,we often use the left side instead.An example of this is drawing.Many people try to identify the thing they are drawing,e.g.an eye or a nose,and then copy their idea of what an eye or a nose looks like.In other words,they draw what they know and not what they see.This is an example of left brain thinking and the result is usually very childlike.